11 Incredible Mountain Lion Facts

Written by Dana Mayor
Updated: October 4, 2023
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Found almost everywhere in North and South America, mountain lions are one of the most incredible predators you’ll find in the western hemisphere. Not actually big cats, these American lions are known for their uniqueness from their world records to their house-cat-like qualities. Don’t believe us?

Here are 11 mountain lion facts that will show you we aren’t “lions” about how incredible these cats are!

1. Mountain lions have more names than any other animal in the world

Mountain Lion (Felis Concolor) - standing against white background

Mountain lions are also known as pumas and cougars.

©Ultrashock/Shutterstock.com

Did you know that mountain lions, pumas, and cougars are all the same animal? As of now, mountain lions hold the record for having the most names with 40 different nicknames. Some of the most common mountain lion alternative names are:

  • Puma
  • Cougar
  • Panther
  • Catamount
  • Painter
  • Mountain screamer
  • Mexican lion
  • Red lion
  • Ghost cat
  • American lion.

While you may see it known mostly as a mountain lion in day-to-day life, often scientists prefer to call these stealthy predators “pumas.” This is because of their scientific name, which is Puma concolor.

Mountain lions have lots of names, but it’s important not to get them confused with other American cats, such as bobcats or lynxes. While still cool cats, these are different animals from the mountain lion.

2. Mountain lions don’t roar

They may not roar, but that doesn’t mean they don’t communicate in plenty of other ways! Mountain lions have a different larynx than most of the big cats you may be used to, such as tigers and lions. As a result, they communicate in different ways, such as chirping, growling, shrieking, and even purring.

3. Mountain lions live in nearly every ecosystem in America

What do mountain lions eat - mountain lion feeding

The mountain lion can live in a diverse range of habitats.

©Ipatov/Shutterstock.com

With a diverse diet and the ability to live everywhere from rainforests to deserts to snowy mountains, you’ll be able to find mountain lions in almost every ecosystem in North and South America.

4. The largest mountain lion ever recorded weighed 276 pounds

While mountain lions rarely weigh more than 200 pounds, one record-holding ghost cat weighed in at 276 pounds! For comparison, that’s more than a giant panda, which averages about 245 pounds. It’s also about the average size of a female lion, which weighs about 280 pounds.

5. Mountain lion cubs have blue eyes and spots

11 Incredible Mountain Lion Facts - Mountain Lion Cub

Mountain lion cubs look very different to adults.

©Chris Desborough/Shutterstock.com

If you ever found a mountain lion cub out in the wild, you probably wouldn’t recognize it!

When mountain lions are first born, and even while they’re growing up, they look vastly different to their adult counterparts. The most noticeable differences? Their blue eyes and dark spots on their fur. As they mature, their eyes will shift to yellow and their spots will fade into their iconic tawny coat, becoming almost unrecognizable over the course of just a few weeks. If you enjoyed this fun fact, baby lions exhibit the exact same traits!

6. One subspecies of the mountain lion is highly endangered

While mountain lions are known for their ability to live in almost every ecosystem found in North and South America, there is one subspecies that has been endangered for several decades.

The Florida panther, a subspecies of the mountain lion, has been listed as endangered since 1967. One of the main causes identified has been human development, which is destroying the mountain lion’s habitat and making it more difficult for them to access food.

Roads also pose a large threat to mountain lions, especially since the animals tend to roam at night when they may not be seen by drivers until it’s too late.

However, decades of conservation efforts have helped the population increase from a few dozen to 120-230 adult mountain lions currently alive as estimated by Florida Wildlife Control in 2021.

7. Mountain lions can run up to 50 mph

puma vs Mountain lion

Mountain lions have the biggest legs out of all felines.

©Scott E Read/Shutterstock.com

One of the coolest facts about mountain lions? Proportionally, they have the largest legs out of all of the members of the feline family. This helps mountain lions adapt to a variety of situations and terrains — but most importantly, it helps them reach impressive speeds of up to 50 miles per hour!

Even though they can only maintain this top speed for a short period of time, they are able to maintain speeds up to 10 mph for long-distance sprints.

This is one reason why if you ever encounter a mountain lion, you should never run away — after all, at 50mph, they won’t let you get too far.

Instead, stay calm, stay upright, and back away slowly. Making yourself as large and loud as possible can also help since mountain lions are opportunistic hunters and most likely won’t want to put up a fight.

8. Mountain lions attack are rare

They’re so rare, in fact, that many statistic experts say that you’re more likely to be struck by lightning than suffer a mountain lion attack. This is mainly due to the fact that human and mountain lion encounters are so rare, and when they do occur, mountain lions are easily startled.

9. Mountain lions are great at jumping

Mountain lions are able to leap up to 45 feet across.

©Christina Moraes/Shutterstock.com

Mountain lions’ large legs allow them to do more than just run fast — they can also jump up to 18 feet off the ground! This is important for hunting, especially since mountain lions rely on ambushing their prey for success.

Lucky scientists got to glimpse a puma and make a 10-foot leap into a tree. But what was truly impressive was the fact that the feline actually had a deer in its jaws at the time.

Their athletic skills don’t stop there either. Mountain lions are capable of leaping 45 feet horizontally.

Their forelegs which are connected to their shoulder blades making it supremely easy for them to swerve, play a role in their impressive athleticism. So do their vertebrae, which rely on muscles rather than ligaments.

10. Mountain lion tracks don’t have claw marks

One of the easiest ways to identify a mountain lion track compared to other animals? Look for claws, or rather, the lack thereof.

Like most other species in the cat family, mountain lions have the neat ability to retract their claws. This means that, unless you’re looking on particularly rough terrain, you won’t usually see the sign of claws in their tracks.

Another way to tell if the tracks you’re dealing with are mountain lions or not is to look for the notable “M” shape of their main paw pad. Remember: “M” is for mountain lion!

11. Mountain lions are an important part of indigenous culture

Mountain lions are seen in indigenous cultures as animals to be revered.

©Nagel Photography/Shutterstock.com

Known for their power and grace, mountain lions are common symbols in indigenous American culture, from mythology to art. While some indigenous peoples view mountain lions as symbols of bad omens, many see these apex predators as sacred and revered animals, such as the Inca people and the Cherokee people. 

Mountain Lion Behavior

Mountain lions are solitary animals that typically hunt and live alone.

©Kwadrat/Shutterstock.com

Mountain lions, also known as cougars or pumas, are large carnivorous cats that are native to the Americas.

Mountain lions are:

  • Solitary Predators
  • Territorial Creatures
  • Opportunistic Feeders
  • Shy and Secretive.

Mountain lions are solitary animals that typically hunt and live alone. They prefer to hunt at night and are known for their stealthy and elusive behavior. However, in some cases, mountain lions have been observed hunting in pairs, particularly during mating season.

Mountain lions are territorial animals that mark their boundaries with urine and scratch marks. They have large home ranges that can span hundreds of miles, depending on the availability of prey and other resources. These cats are known to aggressively defend their territory against other mountain lions and potential threats.

Mountain lions are opportunistic feeders that prey on a variety of animals, including deer, elk, and small mammals such as rabbits and rodents. They are also known to hunt domestic livestock, particularly in areas where their natural prey is scarce. Mountain lions are capable of taking down prey that is much larger than themselves, and will often drag their kill to a secluded area to feed.

Mountain lions are shy and secretive animals that are rarely seen by humans. They are known for their elusive behavior and are typically more active at night when they are less likely to be seen. In areas where humans and mountain lions overlap, it is important for people to be aware of their surroundings and take precautions to avoid potential encounters.

Summary of Mountain Lion Facts 

Here’s a recap of the fascinating facts about mountain lions listed:

NumberIncredible Mountain Lion Facts 
1They’re the animal with the most nicknames. 
2They don’t roar.
3They live in nearly every ecosystem in America.
4The largest mountain lion ever recorded weighed 276 pounds.
5Their young have blue eyes and spots.
6One subspecies is highly endangered.
7They’re capable of running at 50 mph.
8Their attacks are rare.
9They’re great at jumping.
10Their tracks don’t have claw marks.
11They’re an important part of indigenous culture.

How Many Mountain Lions Are There?

We mentioned that the endangered Florida Panther has gone from a few dozen to 120-230 adults. Across the United States, though, there are about 30,000 mountain lions. There are 15 states, all in the western half of the country (except Florida), that host cougars.

The mountain lion is native to the Americas and can be found from the Yukon all the way down to Chile. That is the greatest of range of any living mammal in the Americas. In total, there are approximately 50,000 in total, meaning that there are about 20,000 living outside the United States.

While mountain lions have a conservation status of Least Concern for the population as a whole, they have been put on the endangered list in Canada. The eastern cougar, a subspecies of mountain lion, was declared officially extinct by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service in 2011. So, there is good reason for concern, especially considering that a mountain lion needs 13 times as much area as a black bear or 40 times as much area as a bobcat to thrive, and that kind of elbow room is scarce in our modern world.

The photo featured at the top of this post is © Chris Desborough/Shutterstock.com


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About the Author

I love good books and the occasional cartoon. I am also endlessly intrigued with the beauty of nature and find hummingbirds, puppies, and marine wildlife to be the most magical creatures of all.

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