What Is a Group of Pigeons Called?

Quick Take

• Pigeons actually have multiple distinct collective nouns that are each used in a completely different context. See all collective nouns →
• When a predator attacks a pigeon flock, the birds respond with a synchronized defensive maneuver that makes it nearly impossible to single one out. Discover the defense tactic →
• Though most pigeons are nonmigratory, certain species actually traverse long distances. Meet the migratory species →
• Urban pigeon flocks can swing from a handful of birds to a number that would genuinely surprise you, and nearly all of that variation comes down to one factor. Find out the key factor →

Pigeons and doves belong to the scientific bird family Columbidae, which encompasses over 300 distinct wild species. These incredibly adaptable birds have a global distribution, naturally thriving on every continent except Antarctica. The feral rock pigeon (Columba livia) is one of the most recognized pigeon species, found in cities worldwide, using man-made ledges and bridges as effective substitutes for their natural cliff-side habitats. Pigeons are considered one of the most intelligent birds on the planet. They exhibit remarkable cognitive abilities, including self-awareness, advanced visual processing, complex communication, and unmatched navigational skills. So, what is a group of pigeons called? Continue reading to discover the answer and other interesting pigeon-related information.

A Group of Pigeons is Called a Flock

A group of pigeons is commonly called a flock, which is a universal catch-all term for a group of birds. However, depending on the context, pigeons are referred to by a variety of collective nouns, including a kit, a flight, and a loft.

The term kit is used by breeders to refer to a group of pigeons flying together, especially in the context of performing breeds. The structure where pigeons are housed is called a loft, and therefore, a loft of pigeons refers to a group of pigeons at rest. The term flight is typically used to describe a group of pigeons while they are flying.

Why do Pigeons Flock Together?

On the ground and in roosts, pigeons form tight communities with established hierarchies based on age, breeding status, and overall strength. Pigeons are highly social, gregarious birds that congregate in flocks for safety, navigation, and social bonding.

Living in groups maximizes their collective ability to spot predators, locate food sources, and maintain complex community hierarchies. Flocking provides incredible protection.

A large gathering means many more eyes are watching for danger. When attacked, flocks often form a tight, synchronized ball, making it difficult for predators like hawks to single out an individual. Research shows that pigeons provide selfless protection to each other, particularly against flying predators.

For the most part, pigeons are nonmigratory birds and primarily flock together to move from one source of food to the next. However, the specific species of pigeon will determine this behavior.

Being communal feeders, pigeons tend to flock together for most of the year. The exception is during breeding season when they’re raising squabs. The rest of the year, you’ll find small to massive collections of pigeons roaming parks, fields, and other locations where they can feed together.

Are All Pigeons Non-Migratory?

While many species of pigeons, such as those found in large cities, are non-migratory birds, there are some that do migrate. Some migratory species include the band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata), the turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), and the wood pigeon (Columba palumbus).

Migrating pigeons and doves most commonly fly in groups rather than solo or in pairs.

How Big Do Pigeon Flocks Get?

Pigeon flock sizes range from intimate pairs to massive groupings of hundreds of birds, adapting dynamically to food availability, breeding seasons, and social behavior. Wild, shy species, such as stock doves (Columba oenas) and collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto), usually form small, isolated groups instead of large flocks. In an urban setting, a flock of rock doves may range from 50 to 500 individuals. However, flock sizes are highly dynamic, fluctuating significantly based on food availability.