Key Differences Between a Male Maltese and a Female Maltese

Quick Take

• Most people pay more for a female Maltese for reasons that have little to do with the dog itself, and the real explanation might change how you shop. See why females cost more →
• The behavioral differences between male and female Maltese are almost nothing, with one major exception that most owners tend to overlook. Explore the behavioral differences →
• Choosing the wrong sex based on health assumptions could quietly expose your dog to serious risks down the line. Check the sex-specific health risks →
• Female Maltese reach full size faster than males, though the biological reason behind it isn't what most people expect. See how size develops →

The Maltese is an ancient toy breed named after the Mediterranean island of Malta, although it is believed to descend from small spitz-type or spaniel dogs brought to Malta by Phoenician traders. The Maltese officially arrived in the United States in the late 1800s, with the first documented showing at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1877. The American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the breed in 1888. Beyond their biology, male and female Maltese show slight behavioral differences. However, individual personality and training matter far more in determining a dog’s overall temperament, sociability, and obedience. Continue reading to discover the key differences between male and female Maltese.

Size

Though the American Kennel Club (AKC) does not mention a distinct male or female size in its breed standard, males do tend to be a bit larger. An average Maltese stands 7 to 9 inches and weighs under seven pounds.

Some males may reach up to 9 or 10 inches at the shoulder, but this is not typical. The AKC notes that the size limit is not strict and that preference should be given to well-bred dogs rather than those that simply fit within the preferred size range.

Female dogs tend to mature faster than males, a trait not limited to Maltese. In most breeds, females reach full size and maturity before males. Because males are typically larger and have more muscle mass, their growth plates remain open longer, allowing them to grow for a longer period.

Initial Cost

Female Maltese puppies tend to cost more than male Maltese puppies, often costing a few hundred dollars more than males, due to higher demand and breeder preferences. Female Maltese are more sought after, possibly due to the misconception that male dogs are more aggressive or harder to housebreak.

Breeders often keep female puppies from a litter for themselves or trade them with other breeders. As a result, fewer females are available for pet-only homes, creating a low-supply, high-demand market.

Spay and Neuter Costs

Whether you adopt a male or female Maltese, if your pup is not yet spayed or neutered, it is recommended to have the procedure done.

Spaying a female dog often costs slightly more than neutering a male dog, as the surgery is generally more invasive, but actual prices can vary by region and provider. Since this is a one-time expense, it usually does not play a major role in most people’s decisions, but it is still good to keep in mind.

Temperament

There are no significant behavioral differences between male and female Maltese, especially if they have been spayed or neutered.

Intact male dogs are more likely to mark their territory, which may include urinating or defecating indoors. They are also more likely to stray and show aggression. However, a dog’s genetics, history, and environment are more reliable predictors of personality.

Unspayed females will go into heat about twice a year. They will bleed, become more vocal, and may attempt to escape in search of a mate.

Unless you are planning to breed your dog, it is usually better for both you and your pet to have them spayed or neutered.

Health

Male and female Maltese experience sex-related health issues.

Unspayed females are at higher risk of mammary cancer and can develop ovarian cysts, other cancers, and additional health issues.

Intact males are at greater risk of developing urinary problems, testicular cancer, enlarged prostate glands, and other health issues.

Spaying or neutering your dog can reduce the risk of some of these health problems, such as reproductive cancers.