Discover 11 Types of Wild Birds

Wild birds are defined as any bird other than poultry and caged birds. They are typically the birds that sing outside your window in the spring, tap on tree trunks as you hike wooded trails, and visit your backyard feeders in search of seeds and mealworms. Discover 11 types of wild birds and learn about their habitats, diet, nests, and physical characteristics.

American Goldfinch

Range and Habitat: The American goldfinch is abundant throughout North America, where they breed in Southern Canada and the Northern United States and winter in the South and Mexico. They live in weeds and thistles along roadsides, open fields, and wood edges.

Appearance: They are small finches with short bills and notched tails. Breeding males are bright yellow with black caps and black wings with white patches. 

Diet: Seeds and insects

Vocalizations: Long series of twitters and warbles

Nests: A compact plant fiber and spider web cup in deciduous trees and shrubs

Varied Thrush

Range and Habitat: The varied thrush is a familiar sight in the Western United States, Canada, and Alaska. In the Pacific Northwest, they inhabit dark moist forests, breeding in fir, hemlock, and spruce trees with dense understory. Their winter habitats are much more varied, such as parks and gardens.

Appearance: They are large, stocky thrushes with round heads and straight bills. Their plumage is dark gray and burnt orange.

Diet: Insects, berries, and wild fruits

Vocalizations: Buzzy whistles

Nests: A twig and moss cup placed in a conifer near the base

Black-Capped Chickadee

Range and Habitat: Black-capped chickadees live permanently in Canada and the Northern United States. They live in mixed and deciduous forests, open woods, willow thickets, parks, groves, and shade trees.

Appearance: These birds are tiny and compact with short bills, short necks, and large heads. They are streaky gray above and whitish below, with black caps, black bibs, and white cheeks.

Diet: Insects, seeds, and berries

Vocalizations: Buzzy and clear whistles

Nests: Tree cavities lined with moss and animal hair

Tufted Titmouse

Range and Habitat: The tufted titmouse lives year-round in the Eastern United States. They live in deciduous and evergreen woods with dense canopies. You can also find them in groves, orchards, suburbs, and city parks.

Appearance: Small and plump, the tufted titmouse has large eyes and a thick neck. They are gray above and white below, with light peach wash on the sides.

Diet: Insects, seeds, nuts, berries, and fruits

Vocalizations: A series of repeated whistles

Nests: They line a cavity with grass, moss, and other soft material

Brown-Headed Cowbird

Range and Habitat: Brown-headed cowbirds are abundant in North America, breeding in Canada and the Western United States before heading to Mexico for the winter. However, populations in the Southern and Eastern US live there permanently. You can spot them in farms, fields, prairies, and pastures.

Appearance: They are relatively small and chunky for blackbirds and feature conical bills and short tails. They have glossy black bodies and brown heads.

Diet: Seeds and insects

Vocalizations: Squeaky gurgles

Nests: They don’t make nests. Instead, they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds.

Song Sparrow

Range and Habitat: Song sparrows spend springs and summers in Canada, live year-round in the Northern United States, and winter in the Southern US. They live in many open habitats, such as arctic grasslands, desert scrub, prairies, and tidal marshes.

Appearance: The sparrows are medium-sized with round heads and long tails. Their plumage is streaky reddish-brown, gray, and white.

Diet: Insects, seeds, and small crustaceans

Vocalizations: Loud, short phrases and trills

Nests: Open cups of grass and weeds on the ground hidden under vegetation.

Dark-Eyed Junco

Range and Habitat: Dark-eye juncos are wintering birds in the United States that head north into Canada during spring. During the breeding season, you can find them in many forest habitats. But their winter grounds are varied and include fields, parks, gardens, and open woodlands.

Appearance: Another medium-sized sparrow with a rounded head, a small bill, and a long tail. They are dark gray with white bellies and pale beaks. They also have white tail feathers.

Diet: Seeds, insects, and berries

Vocalizations: Metallic and buzzy trills

Nests: An open grass cup well hidden on the ground

Red-Breasted Nuthatch

Range and Habitat: The red-breasted nuthatch lives year-round in Canada and most of the Western United States, wintering in the east. They live primarily in coniferous forests, except in the Eastern US, where they use deciduous woods. You can also spot them in orchards, parks, and scrubby areas.

Appearance: They are small and compact and feature short tails and long bills. They are bluish-gray with rusty red breasts and black and white heads. 

Diet: Insects and seeds

Vocalizations: High-pitched nasal calls

Nests: They line rotten stub cavities with soft grass and moss

Evening Grosbeak

Range and Habitat: Evening grosbeaks live in Southern Canada and the very northern regions of the United States. They mainly inhabit deciduous and coniferous forests but can also live in urban and suburban areas.

Appearance: These finches are large and bulky with thick, conical bills and short tails. Adult males are bright yellow, black, and white.

Diet: Seeds, berries, and insects

Vocalizations: Short, musical whistles

Nests: A loose twig cup on a horizontal branch

Hairy Woodpecker

Range and Habitat: Hairy woodpeckers are permanent residents across most of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. They are abundant in mature woodlands and coniferous and deciduous forests. But they may also stop by parks, woodlots, and suburban lawns.

Appearance: These medium-sized woodpeckers have squared heads and long, straight bills. They have black and white checkered plumage with a flash of red on their crowns.

Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and nuts

Vocalizations: Loud, sharp notes

Nests: They nest in tree cavities

Purple Finch

Range and Habitat: Purple finches breed in Canada and winter in the Eastern US. Although populations in the Northeast and Northwest stay in their environments year-round. Search for them in cool, moist evergreen forests, weedy fields, wooded backyards, and along streams.

Appearance: They are small finches with conical bills and short tails. Males are reddish-pink with streaky brown backs and cloudy white bellies.

Diet: Seeds, buds, berries, and insects

Vocalizations: rich, musical warbles

Nests: A compact twig cup in a tree fork

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