Endangered Efforts: Proboscis Monkey

The proboscis monkey is native to Southeast Asia and is on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources’s Red List as an endangered species. Known for its unique appearance, these animals have large, fleshy noses that are especially noticeable in males. Scientists believe this is to help attract mates as it may enhance vocalization. Typically the proboscis monkey has reddish-brown fur on its back, with lighter colors on the underside and a white tail. They also have a distinct large stomach, making it appear they have a pot belly. These are one of the most recognizable species of monkey in the world.

About the Proboscis Monkey

They live in trees but often scour the ground for food, their diet consisting mostly of flowers, fruits, seeds and leaves. While other monkeys may avoid these fibrous plants because they’re difficult to digest, proboscis monkeys have large stomachs making them easier to consume.

Proboscus monkeys live in swampy areas, lowland rainforests and mangrove forests. They’re extremely social animals and generally live together in groups. Within the group, there are small families or larger groups, depending on environmental conditions and food availability. Both genders have their own roles, although males form a hierarchy based on strength and size alone.

Proboscis monkeys are active during the day. If you think you see a proboscis monkey, listen for vocalizations like honks and grunts. And remember, their large noses make the sounds seem louder than they are. They are extremely good swimmers and may escape predators by diving into water.

Females have one single offspring after a 166-day gestation period. The young monkeys have smaller noses that grow as they age. Females mature earlier than males, who reach full size around five years. They have a lifespan of 20 to 25 years when they are left untouched in the wilderness.

Threats to the Proboscis Monkey

Like every endangered species, the proboscis monkey faces several threats to its existence. We’ll review them, discuss conservation efforts and let you know how you can help with conservation efforts.

Climate Change

Floods and other extreme weather caused by rising sea levels cause damage and even wipe out the mangrove forests and lowlands where the monkeys live. Tackling climate change is a big part of preserving any species.

Pollution and Altered Waterways

When water from industry and agriculture filters down into the swamps and rivers, the pollution can greatly affect the monkeys. Not only does the water hurt them, but it also wipes out parts of the ecosystem they need to survive. Waterways are often altered for drainage, agriculture and dam construction, which can completely change the habitat of the monkey.

Hunting and Poaching

Proboscis monkeys are legally protected but are still hunted for food in some areas. Some cultures believe the monkey holds mystical or medicinal properties, so they hunt them to take advantage. Surprisingly enough, the pet trade has affected the lives of proboscis monkeys, although it’s not as big a problem.

Habitat Loss

Habitat loss is one of the most serious issues that these monkeys face. Mangrove destruction for aquaculture and coastal development severely decreases their population. Urbanization is also a problem, as human settlements expand and buildings are built closer to the monkey’s natural habitat. Finally, deforestation like land clearing for agriculture or large-scale logging done to create palm oil plantations has significantly reduced the areas where the monkeys live.

Conservation Efforts for the Proboscis Monkey

Conservation efforts revolve around reducing the risks created by human encroachment, hunting and habitat destruction. Both local and international entities are involved to promote awareness of the monkey’s issues and to preserve their habitats.

Places like Indonesia’s Tanjung Puting National Park and Malaysia’s Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary provide habitats for the monkeys, along with biodiversity corridors. Governments work to create better agricultural practices to protect the habitat. 

Companies work to promote ecotourism, so local communities don’t suffer from losing tourist dollars, but the monkey isn’t the sacrifice. Some companies do observation tours and wildlife cruises along the river to support conservation efforts. Scientist are tracking populations and performing behavioral studies on their diets, habitat, and social structure to determine what the best conservation strategies are.

What You Can Do To Help

We always encourage our readers to become educated about endangered species before they start advocacy. It’s important that locals understand the plight of the monkeys to help keep them safe. Pay attention to international and local laws if you come across a monkey on a trip. It’s also important to do your part to reduce negative effects on the environment. If you have the means, donate to one of the organizations above.