The Most Snake-Infested Rivers in Illinois

Nestled within the verdant landscapes of Illinois lie rivers brimming with an array of captivating wildlife. This includes an intriguing assortment of snakes. Though an official catalog of the most snake-populated rivers in Illinois may be elusive, these waterways serve as sanctuaries for these enigmatic creatures.

In this article, we invite you to explore the Illinois River, the majestic Mississippi River, and the Wabash River. Through this exploration, we will gain insight into the fascinating interplay between these three rivers and the types of snakes that call them home.

1.      Illinois River

The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River. It is located in the state of Illinois in the United States. Let’s explore some of the snake species that can be found in the Illinois River and gain insight into their fascinating characteristics.

Common Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon):

Among the most frequently encountered snake species in the Illinois River is the Common Watersnake. With their non-venomous nature, they play an important role in maintaining the river’s delicate ecological balance. These snakes display a wide range of color variations and can often be found basking on rocks or logs, camouflaging themselves amidst their surroundings.

Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon):

Another prevalent snake species found in the Illinois River is the Northern Water Snake. These non-venomous creatures possess keeled scales and a robust build, allowing them to thrive in various aquatic habitats. Frequently mistaken for venomous water snakes, they are an integral part of the river’s intricate ecosystem.

Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix):

The venomous Copperhead snake can also be found in parts of southern Illinois, including the proximity of the Illinois River. Identified by their distinctive reddish-brown coloration and hourglass-shaped markings, they are typically nocturnal and are known for their preference for forested areas near water sources. While Copperheads are venomous, encounters with humans are rare, as they generally prefer to avoid confrontation.

Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus):

Although not as commonly encountered, the Timber Rattlesnake inhabits the heavily timbered regions and rocky outcrops of southern Illinois, including the Illinois River. These venomous snakes possess a distinctive rattle on their tails, which they use as a warning when feeling threatened. Their presence underscores the rich biodiversity that exists along the Illinois River.

2.      Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the longest and one of the most significant rivers in North America. Spanning 2,350 miles, this river flows through or forms the borders of ten U.S. states. These states include Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. The part of the Mississippi River in Illinois is home to a diverse array of snakes. Here are some of the snakes that can be found in this region:

Northern Watersnake:

The Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon) is one of the most common snake species found in the Illinois River mentioned above, and also the Mississippi River in Illinois. This non-venomous snake is known for its thick, muscular body and distinctive pattern, often consisting of dark brown or black bands. It is an adept swimmer and can frequently be seen basking on rocks or logs near the water.

Plains Hognose Snake (Western Hognose Snake):

The Plains Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus) is another snake species that can be found in the Mississippi River region of Illinois. This non-venomous snake is known for its upturned snout and defensive behaviors, such as hissing and feigning death when threatened. It typically inhabits grasslands and open areas near water sources.

Copperhead:

While not exclusive to the Mississippi River, the venomous Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) snake can be found in parts of southern Illinois, including areas near this river. As stated earlier, copperheads have a distinctive appearance, with a copper-colored head and hourglass-shaped markings on their bodies. Encounters with humans are rare, as these snakes usually prefer to avoid confrontations.

Timber Rattlesnake:

The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is a venomous snake that can be found in the southern parts of Illinois, including the Mississippi River Valley. Again, these snakes have a characteristic rattle on their tails that they use as a warning signal. They inhabit rocky areas and forested regions. It’s important to exercise caution and avoid disturbing them if encountered.

3.      Wabash River

The Wabash River flows through the states of Indiana, Illinois, and Ohio. Although it forms the border between Indiana and Illinois for a significant portion, the Wabash River is not entirely in Illinois. The Wabash River in Illinois is known to be home to various snake species. While specific information about the snake species in the Wabash River in Illinois is limited, Here is a general overview of snake species commonly found in the region:

Northern Watersnake:

The Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon) is a common snake species that can be found in all three rivers in this article, including the Wabash River. As we explored earlier, this non-venomous snake is known for its ability to swim and can often be seen basking on rocks and logs near the water. It also has a varied diet, including fish, amphibians, and small mammals.

Copperhead:

The venomous Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) snake may also be found in parts of southern Illinois, including areas near the Wabash River. This makes it another snake that can commonly be seen in all three rivers we mentioned here. 

As a reminder, copperheads have a distinctive appearance, with a copper-colored head and hourglass-shaped markings on their bodies. And remember, while encounters with humans are rare, caution should be taken to avoid contact due to the snake’s venomous nature.

Why Snakes Are Attracted To Rivers

Rivers and waterways can provide suitable habitats for snakes due to the variety of resources they offer. Here are a few reasons why snakes may be found in or near rivers:

Abundant Prey: Rivers often support a diverse range of prey species, such as fish, frogs, and small mammals. Snakes, being carnivorous, are attracted to areas with plentiful food sources. The abundance of prey near rivers can make these areas desirable for snakes.

Water as a Resource: While snakes do not require large bodies of water like rivers for survival, they may visit rivers for access to water. Like any other animal, snakes need water to drink and may utilize rivers as a water source in their environment.

Shelter and Hiding Places: Rivers can provide snakes with suitable hiding places and shelter. Riverbanks, fallen logs, vegetation, and debris near the river can offer ideal hiding spots for snakes. These areas allow them to remain unseen and safe from predators.

Temperature Regulation: Rivers can influence the microclimate of an area, providing snakes with temperature-regulating opportunities. Snakes are ectothermic, meaning they rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature. They may bask in the sun near rivers to warm up or seek shade and cooler areas when needed.

In Conclusion

It’s important to note that encountering snakes in these rivers is not uncommon. However, most snake encounters are harmless, and snakes typically try to avoid human contact. If you encounter a snake and are uncertain about its species or behavior, it’s best to give it space. Do not attempt to handle or approach it.

Remember, snakes play an essential role in ecosystems by helping control rodent populations and should generally be left undisturbed. If you have concerns about snakes in a specific area or need further information, reaching out to local wildlife authorities or herpetological societies may provide more specific and localized advice.

Ultimately, rather than pursuing a sensation of fear, our aim is to foster an appreciation for the harmonious coexistence of snakes and humans. So, the next time you find yourself near the snake-infested rivers of Illinois, take a moment to marvel at the natural wonders that surround you and embrace the beauty of our coexistence with these remarkable creatures.

The photo featured at the top of this post is © Hank Erdmann/Shutterstock.com