Massasauga

“Massasaugas produce young every one to three years, depending on access to food”

The Massasauga is often mistaken for the Fox Snakes, Hognose Snake, and Milk Snake. Markings that consist of black or brown splotches on these creatures are responsible for identification between the types of snakes being difficult. These rattlesnakes face habitat loss and some states consider them endangered. Their location consists of prairie, marsh, and lake areas from northern Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma to New York and southern Ontario.

Massasauga Amazing facts

• Often resides in other creatures’ burrows for shelter
• Rarely rattles and prefers staying still to avoid detection
• Males often fight to breed with a female
• The snake’s conservation status varies by area

Where To Find Massauga

Massasaugas have a wide range, with varying habitats. The animal’s name comes from a Chippewa word translated as “great river mouth,” with the pronunciation of mass-a-saw-ga. Distribution ranges from the Great Lakes regions of New York and southern Ontario, the Midwest including Illinois and Iowa, and extending as far west as Texas and Oklahoma, with an isolated population in Colorado. The very southernmost part of the reptile’s range is northern Mexico.

Low-lying areas close to rivers and lakes are favorite spots for these snakes. Adjacent upland areas are preferred spots for the reptile to reproduce and bask. The Eastern Massasauga stays partially submerged during hibernation to allow easier breathing and prevent freezing.

Anyone who wants to find these snakes will need to look carefully because their colors make them blend in with their surroundings. These rattlesnakes are easiest to see during the warmer weather months, as with other snakes. Because these snakes are venomous, people should avoid getting bitten and observe these animals at a safe distance.

Types of Massasaugas

• Eastern Massasauga (Sistrus catenatus) — A primarily woodland and swamp or wetland-dwelling subspecies. Much of the habitat for these snakes has disappeared because of agricultural activity, particularly in the Great Lakes area. These snakes still present a bite risk if disturbed during outdoor activities.
• Western or Prairie Massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus) — This reptile features lighter colors allowing it to blend into grassland settings more easily. Unlike their predominantly woodland and wetland-dwelling relatives, these snakes are more likely to inhabit burrows belonging to other animals.
• Pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius) — Pygmy rattlesnakes occur from Texas to Florida and as far north as central Missouri. They often have an orange dorsal stripe in addition to their blotched pattern.

Massasauga Scientific name

The Massasauga, often known as the Massasauga Rattlesnake, has a scientific name of Sistrurus catenatus or Sistrurus catenatus tergeminus, depending on whether it is the Eastern or Western variety. Both scientific names derive from Latin, and the species is part of the Viperidae family of pit vipers, predators who kill their prey with venom.

Massasauga Population & Conservation Status

Although the exact number of Massasaugas is unknown, there are 267 known historical populations of the Eastern Massasauga. The snake current has a Least Concern conservation status with the IUCN Redlist, but some states consider it threatened or endangered. Continued habitat threats are present and may make the IUCN Redlist reconsider its status.

How To Identify the Massasauga: Appearance and Description

Massasauga identification involves familiarity with colors and markings that include tan, gray, or brown with dark brown or black splotches. Western Massasaugas usually have paler markings than their Eastern counterparts. The Eastern Massasauga is larger, measuring as much as 30 inches, while Western Massasaugas average 21 to 26 inches.

How to identify the Massasauga:

• Tan, gray or brown color
• Row of black or brown splotches down the back and along the sides
• Measures up to 30 inches long

Read about the largest massasauga ever recorded.

Massasauga Pictures

Massasauga Venom: How Dangerous Are They?

The Massasauga is highly venomous, especially for its moderate size. In some circumstances, a bite can cause life-threatening or disabling health issues. The type of location that these snakes prefer minimizes the risk of human contact. However, prompt medical attention is necessary if you get bitten.

Massasauga Behavior and Humans

Although the Massasauga is venomous, its chances of interacting with humans are low. The pronunciation of the species’ name, basic facts, and identification frequently elude people unaccustomed to encountering this species. Although they have a dangerous bite, these snakes are not usually aggressive unless unable to escape a threat.

Similar Animals

• Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
• Prairie rattlesnake
• Timber rattlesnake

1. Britannica, Available here: https://www.britannica.com/animal/massasauga