Armadillo Lizard

If you’ve ever wanted to say you own a dragon, the armadillo lizard is the perfect pet for you.

Also called the armadillo girdled lizard, Golden-armadillo lizard, and dragon armadillo lizard, this South African reptile has spiny coats of armor, a cool defense mechanism that also leaves them — despite their tiny size — looking like something you might see stalking the skies of Game of Thrones.

The lizard is the ideal reptile pet. It’s extremely sociable. In the wild, these lizards’ adaptations include grouping in batches of four to six creatures. It’s strongly advised if you have one in the home, you let them live with others. Still, despite a potentially friendly nature, these creatures aren’t keen on being handled.

In captivity, the armadillo lizard requires little maintenance. Many lizard lovers adore their pet armadillo lizards. But these animals are hard to get your hands on as the lizard cannot be exported from its native country.

The name comes from the armadillo. Armadillo is Spanish for “little armored one.” The name refers to the scaly, bony plates covering the mammal’s head, legs, back, and tail. But despite their scaly identifications, the mammal armadillo is not related to the armadillo lizard at all. But like the armadillo, when threatened, the armadillo lizard bites its tail and curls into a ball.

Read on for a comprehensive review of the armadillo lizard, how it’s unique beyond its appearance and its potential as a pet. The pet lizard species will surprise you.

5 Armadillo Lizard Facts

Here are some interesting facts about the armadillo lizard.

• The animal has few land predators thanks to its hardened spines and armored exterior. But the lizards are prone to attack by birds of prey looking for food.
• Most reptiles lay eggs. The armadillo lizard gives live birth to its young, unlike their cousin reptile pet. The pet lizard species actually feed their baby. Another identification that differentiates them from other lizards.
• Rising temps and wildfires are a direct threat to these animals.
• While the rest of the world enjoys keeping them in enclosures, it’s illegal to keep these lizards as pets in South Africa or to export them.
• The tails grow longer than the rest of the armadillo lizard’s entire body.

Evolution And History

The armadillo lizard, as part of the larger Cordylus family, is the only lizard genus restricted to the African continent. While there is not much of a history of this reptile’s fossils, researchers have been able to trace a connection between fossils of the same genus found in the early Cenozoic era. It is believed that they evolved before the supercontinent Gondwana began to separate, during the middle of the Cretaceous period.

Scientific Name

Ouroborus cataphractus is endemic to South African deserts along the western coast.

The lizard got its common name from its defensive stance. Like the mammalian armadillo, the lizard curls into a ball to protect itself.

The dragon armadillo lizard is a diurnal animal with rows of tough spiny scales all over its body. The most vulnerable part of their body is the belly. The lizard protects it by biting its tail and balling up. This leaves only their hard exterior for predators. As much as they want the lizard as prey, most predators tend to not want to deal with the hard, scaly surface.

Types Of The Species

The armadillo lizard, once belonging to the genus Cordylus, was moved to its own genus Ouroborus cataphractus because of its distinct molecular characteristics, and it is the only one of its kind. It is part of the larger group of the family Cordylidae, of which there are 10 different species of lizards.

• Grass lizards (Chamaesaura)
• Girdled lizards, or girdle-tailed lizards (Cordylus)
• Cliff lizards, or false girdled lizard (Hemicordylus)
• Karusa lizards (Karusasaurus)
• Namaqua girdled lizards (Namazonurus)
• Blue-spotted girdled lizards (Ninurta coeruleopunctatus)
• Flat lizards (Platysaurus)
• Crag lizards (Pseudocordylus)
• Giant girdled lizard (smaug)

Appearance And Behavior

Appearance

The armadillo girdled lizard’s most obvious identification is its armored skin. The spiny armor is osteoderms. That’s bony plates embedded in the dermal layer of the critter’s skin. Osteoderms are common with several reptilian species, including alligators, crocs, and some tortoises.

Tiny in size, the animal’s body is flat. The feature lets the lizard squeeze between small crevices. Colors tend to be dull, typically light to dark brown or yellow-brown. The underbelly is yellow with black patterns. Not only are the eyes black but so is the scaling around the mouth.

While you’ll find resources that say otherwise, the adult lizard only grows a little over four inches in size. Typically, males are a little longer in length than females. Another identification that separates the sexes is males have broader heads and hemipenal bulges.

Behavior

These reptiles are slow because of their heavy build. That build makes hiding and passively defending itself from predators important as the armadillo girdled lizard can’t run.

The lizards like to spend their time hiding between rocks and taking in the sun. In the wild, they gather in groups of up to six. Some researchers say this behavior is for managing protection from predators. But while they avoid physical conflict, the lizard does have extremely powerful jaws. The armadillo lizard has bitten off toes.

The males are territorial about their habitat, especially during mating seasons. That begins in September and lasts eight weeks. The males are aggressive in pursuit of a mate. While most reptiles lay eggs, females give birth to at least one baby. On rare occasions, they may have two offspring.

These creatures go foraging for their diet, traveling up to a length of 18 miles away from home to find food. In captivity, they have a lifespan of 25 years. There is no research on how long of a lifespan they have in the wild.

The Armadillo Lizard As A Pet

It’s illegal to export a wild-caught dragon armadillo lizard out of South Africa. But they are easily caught and made a pet. The pet lizard species make for easy prey to hunters as they’re slow and tame.

Unfortunately, some people desperately want them for a pet. Due to this, the pet lizard species is considered vulnerable because of the abundant capture-to-feed demand. If you do want one as a pet, look for a reputable breeder in your area.

Habitat

O. cataphractus likes hiding in crevices in rock outcrops and mountain slopes. They love habitats surrounded by dwarf perennial shrubs.

The reptiles diet mostly on termites, millipedes, beetles, and sometimes scorpions and plants.

For food, pet owners feed their lizards butterworms, superworms, and pinky mice.

Predators And Threats

The biggest threat to the lizard is humans who capture them for the black market. Other threats include wildfire and climate change.

The animal’s conservation status is of “Least Concern.” But the South African government sees the creature in need of protection because of its black market value.

It is illegal to have these reptiles as a pet in their native country or to export the animals. The Cape Provincial Ordinance is set up to help sick and injured armadillo lizards.

What Eats The Armadillo Lizard?

Most predators on the South African desert grounds shy away from the armored reptile because of its shell. Prominent predators are birds of prey, such as eagles, falcons, and ospreys.

What Does The Armadillo Lizard Eat?

The lizard diets on a variety of insects for the most part. They also chow down on the occasional plant if necessary.

Reproduction, Babies, And Lifespan

This lizard is polygynandrous which means that during the mating season, which is usually between September to October, both sexes will take multiple partners.

The females do not lay eggs. The gestation period is then between six and eight months. Eggs hatch in the mother and she births a baby and on occasion two. In some cases, females may stop mating for a year to care for the baby.

The baby armadillo lizard turns mature and productive after reaching a body length in the vicinity of 3.75 inches.

In captivity, it’s determined the animal has a lifespan of up to a quarter-century. There’s no record of the lifespan of animals living in the wild.

Population

The reptile certainly faces its share of threats, including capture, winged predators, rising temps, and wildfires. Still, there are no official studies scrutinizing the size of the population. But as its status is of “Least Concern” to environmentalists, it’s safe to say this lizard populace is in good condition.

1. Unique Pets Wiki, Available here: https://uniquepetswiki.com/armadillo-lizard-price/
2. Wikipedia, Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillo_girdled_lizard
3. Everything Reptiles, Available here: https://www.everythingreptiles.com/armadillo-lizard/#What_Do_Armadillo_Lizards_Eat
4. Facts, Available here: https://facts.net/armadillo-lizard-facts/
5. SANBI, Available here: https://www.sanbi.org/animal-of-the-week/armadillo-girdled-lizard/#:~:text=Ouroborus%20cataphractus%2C%20previous%20name%3A%20Cordylus,spiny%20scales%20covering%20its%20body.
6. Pets on Mom, Available here: https://animals.mom.com/threats-armadillo-lizard-2979.html
7. Wikipedia, Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillo_girdled_lizard
8. Animalia, Available here: https://animalia.bio/armadillo-girdled-lizard