Cricket

Fried crickets are a delicacy in Thailand.

Crickets are some of the noisiest insects on the planet. The sound of the male fills the spring and summer night air, which for some people might be soothing but for others annoying. The purpose of the chirping noise is to attract a potential mate or repel male rivals. Many people confuse them with grasshoppers, but in fact, they share only a distant relationship.

4 Incredible Facts!

• Male crickets produce their chirping noises by rubbing their wings together (grasshoppers rub their legs together). The soft leathery sound-producing organ, located directly on the forewing, is rubbed against rows of about 50 to 250 teeth on the opposite forewing.
• The exact frequency of the sound, which depends on how many teeth are struck, can range between 1,500 and 10,000 cycles per second.
• The cricket’s jumping ability is particularly amazing. It can leap a few feet up into the air, which, given its small body size, is an impressive feat. The wings also provide very limited flight over small areas.
• Crickets are considered to be a sign of good luck and fortune in many cultures. Some people keep them as pets, but they’ve also been used for sport. Cricket fighting is a traditional Chinese custom that dates back more than a thousand years.

Scientific Name

Crickets are in the Class Insecta, Order Orthoptera, Suborder Ensifera, Infraorder Gryllidea, and Superfamily Grylloidea. The superfamily Grylloidea was once considered just a family, but scientists have now changed that classification. The name comes from the Latin word gryllus for cricket. However, there are many related species, including the scaly spider and a number of insects with “cricket” in their names (e.g., mole cricket, camel cricket, Jerusalem cricket) that are not considered to be “true” crickets, but they do share many similarities. Altogether, there are some 2,400 known species. The most common of the true crickets in Europe is the house cricket (Acheta domesticus).

Appearance

Identification is fairly simple. The cricket is a relatively large insect with a bulky tube-shaped body, measuring up to an inch or two in length. Important features include six very long legs (each of which contains three joints), the two long antennae extending from the head, and two sensory appendages (called cerci) on the back of the abdomen. The last pair of legs is particularly long to help with jumping.

Most species are capable of at least some basic flight, but some ground crickets are not capable of flight at all. The wings are mostly adapted to attract mates. The vast majority of species are colored brown and black, but some are covered in green and red as well. The nymphs look like small, undeveloped versions of the full adult form.

Habitat

Crickets are found in nearly all of the world’s habitats except for the extreme north and south. They spend most of the day hidden in cracks, leaves, bark, stones, and logs, and then they often come out into the open at night. Mole crickets create burrows in the ground with their mole-shaped hands.

Predators and Prey

Crickets are preyed upon by numerous predators, including spiders, lizards, geckos, turtles, frogs, birds, small mammals, other insects, and even fungi. Some parasitoid insects will prey upon crickets by laying their legs on its body. Once the larvae hatch, they will consume the entire cricket whole while it’s still alive. Camouflage provides a degree of protection against most predators. If that fails, then they will often try to hide in narrow crevices.

Crickets are omnivorous insects, but most of what they eat is plant matter. Some species will consume fruits, leaves, flowers, grasses, seeds, fungi, and other bits of organic matter. Other predatory species will also consume insects and other invertebrates.

Reproduction and Lifespan

A male cricket will make its chirping sound to attract a mate. Male and female crickets have a special auditory organ on their forelegs that lets them hear the chirps.

During copulation, male crickets will transfer a spermatophore (protein capsule containing sperm) through a genital opening in the female into a single sperm reservoir. The female will then lay eggs through a long needlelike organ called the ovipositor.

The cricket undergoes three distinct stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Females lay the eggs in soil or plant stems along the ground in the fall. After hatching in the spring, the nymphs grow progressively larger after each one of the six to 12 molts. The adults have a normal lifespan of just a few months.

Prevention

Crickets do not generally pose a direct threat to people, but their digging in the soil can sometimes cause a bit of damage to lawns and gardens. Field and house crickets can also take refuge in homes and buildings when the temperature drops outdoors. To remove them from your property, you should apply some insecticide by following the instructions on the package. A mixture of dish soap and water applied to the soil may cause any hidden underground mole crickets to surface. Keeping your grass trim, draining gutters or standing water, removing any debris, and repairing any holes in your home can help to prevent an infestation.

To take care of an infestation in your home, there are a few things you can do. You can apply an insecticide bug spray to the windowsills and corners of your home (though you will need to wait for the insecticide to dry before allowing children and pets into the room). For an alternative non-toxic solution, you can apply a substance called diametaceous earth to baseboards and wall cervices around the home. Finally, you can place baits and traps in areas where the insects have been spotted. While many stores do sell traps, you can also create natural bait on your own by placing a tiny bit of molasses in a shallow bowl filled partly with water. The cricket may be tempted to jump in the bowl where it will drown. Fortunately, the cricket is a fairly benign insect and doesn’t cause too many problems.

1. Britannica, Available here: https://www.britannica.com/animal/cricket-insect