H
Species Profile

Huntaway

Canis lupus familiaris

The big-voice sheep mover
S Curtis/Shutterstock.com

Huntaway Distribution

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Origin Location

This map shows the native origin of the Huntaway. As a domesticated species, they are now found worldwide.

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Found in 1 country

Size Comparison

Human 5'8"
Huntaway 2 ft

Huntaway stands at 35% of average human height.

Huntaway laying on the beach

At a Glance

Domesticated
Also Known As Huntie, NZ Huntaway, New Zealand sheepdog, Sheepdog
Diet Omnivore
Activity Diurnal+
Lifespan 13 years
Weight 40 lbs
Status Not Evaluated
Did You Know?

The Huntaway's hallmark is "bark herding": it drives sheep with a loud, sustained voice rather than the silent "eye" of many heading dogs.

Scientific Classification

The New Zealand Huntaway is a New Zealand-developed herding dog known for using a strong, sustained bark to move sheep over large areas, complementing silent 'heading' dogs (e.g., Border Collies). It is a domestic dog breed/type within Canis lupus familiaris.

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Family
Canidae
Genus
Canis
Species
Canis lupus

Distinguishing Features

  • Purpose-bred for barking drive (“huntaway bark”) to move stock at distance
  • Athletic, robust working-dog build suited to long days over rough terrain
  • Strong herding/working instinct; typically high energy and trainability
  • Often black-and-tan or other common working-dog colorations (varies by lines)

Physical Measurements

Males and females differ in size

Height
2 ft (1 ft 10 in – 2 ft 2 in)
1 ft 10 in (1 ft 8 in – 1 ft 11 in)
Length
3 ft 8 in (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 1 in)
4 ft (3 ft 7 in – 4 ft 5 in)
Weight
82 lbs (66 lbs – 99 lbs)
66 lbs (55 lbs – 75 lbs)
Tail Length
1 ft 2 in (12 in – 1 ft 4 in)
1 ft 3 in (1 ft 1 in – 1 ft 6 in)
Top Speed
31 mph

Appearance

Primary Colors
Secondary Colors
Skin Type Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) skin with a short-to-medium, weather-resistant double coat common in farm-working Huntaways; coat density and length vary by line and climate, typically built for outdoor all-day work.
Distinctive Features
  • New Zealand-developed sheep-farm herding dog type (breed within Canis lupus familiaris), selected for function over uniform show conformation; appearance varies more than many standardized breeds.
  • Barking herding style: known for a strong, sustained, carrying bark used to drive sheep over large hill-country paddocks-distinct from silent 'heading' dogs like Border Collies.
  • Athletic, rangy to solid working build with deep chest and strong hindquarters for endurance; often taller/leggy compared with many general-purpose companion dogs.
  • Head typically broad-to-moderate with a strong muzzle; ears often semi-pricked or drop, varying by lineage.
  • Tail usually long and carried low-to-medium; coat commonly short-to-medium and practical for wet, rough terrain.
  • Breed-specific temperament/traits (context): high drive, high stamina, intense work focus, and vocal tendency; thrives with structured training, clear cues, and purposeful jobs (herding, sport, active farm/field lifestyle).
  • Care requirements (context): needs substantial daily exercise and mental work; consistent recall/stock manners training; secure fencing due to roaming/chase drive; coat typically low-maintenance but benefits from regular brushing and parasite control for outdoor work.
  • Huntaways may be prone to hip and elbow dysplasia, cruciate ligament injury, arthritis from heavy work, and ear or skin problems if often wet or dirty. Orthopedic screening, conditioning and weight management help.

Sexual Dimorphism

Moderate sexual dimorphism typical of many medium-to-large domestic dogs: males are often taller, heavier, and more broad-headed; females commonly appear lighter-framed and slightly finer in bone and head shape. Working lines vary and overlap is common.

  • Often greater height and overall mass; broader skull and thicker neck/forequarters.
  • May carry more muscle through shoulders and chest when in work condition.
  • Often lighter, more streamlined build; slightly narrower head and less heavy forequarter.
  • May appear more refined in bone while retaining strong endurance structure.

Did You Know?

The Huntaway's hallmark is "bark herding": it drives sheep with a loud, sustained voice rather than the silent "eye" of many heading dogs.

It was developed in New Zealand for large, open sheep stations where sound carries farther than a handler's whistle.

Huntaways often work as a team with Heading Dogs (collie-type): headings gather and turn; huntaways push and move the mob forward.

Coat and color vary widely (black-and-tan, brindle, tri, solid), reflecting its practical working-dog development over strict show standardization.

New Zealand dog trials include huntaway-specific events that judge controlled barking, drive, and responsiveness at distance.

Despite the name, it is not a hunting hound; "Huntaway" refers to "hunting (moving) away" stock under direction.

Many are bred primarily for work, so individuals can differ more than in tightly standardized show breeds-temperament and voice are key selection traits.

Unique Adaptations

  • Exceptionally strong, carrying bark suited to wind and wide hill-country paddocks-an artificial selection trait uncommon in most herding breeds.
  • Stamina and rugged-footed athleticism selected for steep, uneven farm country (long days, variable weather).
  • Lower reliance on the intense "eye" typical of many collie-types can help keep flightier sheep moving without locking them up.
  • Versatile build and coat density variations that suit different New Zealand regions-from wet, cold hills to drier plains.
  • High trainability for pressure control: learns to modulate voice and distance to keep stock flowing rather than scattering.

Interesting Behaviors

  • "Bark on cue" work: handlers teach different levels of barking (start/stop/steady) to apply just enough pressure to move sheep without panicking them.
  • Driving from behind: instead of flanking to the front to "head" stock, a huntaway commonly pushes a mob forward over long distances.
  • Distance responsiveness: trained to take whistles/hand signals and maintain a line while the handler stays far back on rough terrain.
  • Strong "push" presence: uses body posture, forward motion, and voice together to create controlled pressure on livestock.
  • Team switching: can change roles mid-run-quiet gathering, then vocal driving-depending on terrain and flock behavior.
  • High work focus: many show intense engagement with a job and may invent "work" (patrolling, barking) if under-stimulated.

Cultural Significance

The Huntaway is a New Zealand working dog shaped by sheep farming and big hill farms. Paired with the Heading Dog, it drives flocks by voice. It is an icon of rural life; Huntaway trials celebrate stockmanship and its 'big voice' fills sheep country.

Myths & Legends

A widely repeated naming tale on NZ farms says "Huntaway" comes from the command to "hunt 'em away," reflecting the dog's job of pushing sheep onward rather than bringing them back.

Old shepherding anecdotes describe early breeders favoring pups that would bark boldly on steep, windy faces-stories credit a few standout "big-voiced" foundation dogs with shaping the type in the South Island's high country.

In rural stories told around shearing sheds, the ideal New Zealand Huntaway is said to 'move sheep with sound alone,' bush folklore praising dogs that could shift a stubborn mob when people couldn't get near.

Competitor lore from dog trials often recounts famous huntaways that could 'turn on' a perfectly timed bark-stories passed handler to handler as examples of the near-mythic partnership between dog, whistle, and flock.

Farmers sometimes say a Huntaway (Canis lupus familiaris) that won't bark at a certain gate or gully is "reading the weather," part of a long belief that working dogs are odd watchers of the land.

Conservation Status

NE Not Evaluated

Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.

Population Stable

Life Cycle

Birth 6 pups
Lifespan 13 years

Lifespan

In the Wild
12–14 years
In Captivity
12–14 years

Reproduction

Mating System Polygynandry
Social Structure Managed Domestic
Breeding Pattern Serial
Fertilization Managed Selective
Birth Type Internal_fertilization

As a domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), the Huntaway's mating system is driven by human management. Owners plan selective matings for working traits (loud bark, stamina, stock sense). Females are seasonally polyestrous (~1–2 heats/year). No pair bonds; serial matings.

Behavior & Ecology

Social Pack Group: 6
Activity Diurnal, Crepuscular
Diet Omnivore Meat-based meals with high-quality animal protein (e.g., lamb or beef)

Temperament

High work drive and stamina; built for prolonged, physically demanding herding over large areas.
Vocal, assertive, and pressure-forward when working stock (uses sustained barking to move sheep), distinguishing it from many other herding breeds and from the base species' more varied hunting vocal repertoire.
Trainable and handler-responsive, but often more independent/problem-solving than many companion-line dogs; benefits from clear cues and consistent rules.
Typically confident and socially tolerant with familiar people/dogs in a farm or active-home setting; may be reserved with strangers without early socialization.
Can be intense/reactive to movement (livestock, runners, bikes) if under-exercised or untrained-channeling into structured work reduces unwanted chasing/barking.
Most New Zealand Huntaways work closely with people and other dogs, are highly excited during work but calm down quickly. Individuals differ in barking, friendliness to strange dogs, and sensitivity to rough handling.
Care requirements: needs substantial daily aerobic exercise plus mental work (herding, scent games, obedience tasks); inadequate outlets commonly present as nuisance barking, pacing, or destructive behavior.
Watch for joint problems (hip/elbow dysplasia, cruciate strain), stomach twisting (gastric dilatation-volvulus) in deep-chested dogs, and wear injuries from rough ground; manage with conditioning, weight control, rest, and vet checks.
Management note specific to this breed's hallmark behavior: teach cue-based start/stop/quiet for barking to prevent chronic nuisance vocalization and reduce stress in dense neighborhoods. Socialize early to livestock, vehicles, and strangers to prevent over-alerting.

Communication

Sustained, loud herding bark used to apply pressure and drive sheep at distance Signature breed trait
Sharp alarm/alert barks when detecting novel stimuli around farm/home.
Whines/whimpers for proximity-seeking, frustration, or anticipation E.g., before work
Growls (low-frequency warnings) during resource disputes or when over-threshold; generally avoidable with management and training.
Body pressure and positioning (flanking, blocking, holding lines) to influence livestock movement; less reliant on silent "eye" than heading dogs.
Directed orientation to handler (head turns, check-ins) to confirm cues; increased when well-trained despite independent working style.
Tail carriage, ear position, and forward-leaning posture to signal arousal/intent; huntaways often show "forward" posture when working stock.
Scent marking and investigative sniffing typical of domestic dogs; used for territory familiarization more than coordinated hunting.
Mouth use is typically inhibited around stock compared with some herding types (selection for bark-drive), though individuals may still nip without training.

Habitat

Biomes:
Temperate Grassland Temperate Forest Temperate Rainforest Mediterranean Savanna Tropical Rainforest Tropical Dry Forest Desert Hot Desert Cold Boreal Forest (Taiga) Tundra Alpine Freshwater Wetland Marine +9
Terrain:
Island Hilly Plains Valley Plateau Mountainous Riverine Coastal +2
Elevation: Up to 14763 ft 9 in

Ecological Role

Human-associated mesopredator/omnivorous domestic canid; primarily a managed working livestock-herding specialist rather than a wild predator.

Livestock management via herding (reduces stress and losses when handled well; improves farm efficiency) Indirect reduction of predation pressure on sheep by enabling closer flock control and human oversight Scavenging of human-provided food waste/carcass remnants when allowed (should be managed to reduce disease and wildlife attraction) Potential ecological risk if roaming: may harass/kill wildlife or livestock; responsible containment and feeding reduces this impact

Diet Details

Main Prey:
Domesticated livestock meat Poultry Fish Eggs Organ meats Small mammals and birds
Other Foods:
Cooked grains Starchy vegetables Green vegetables Fruit Dietary fiber sources

Human Interaction

Domestication Status

Domesticated

The New Zealand Huntaway (Canis lupus familiaris) was bred in New Zealand in the late 1800s–1900s for sheep farming across large, steep, open country. Unlike silent heading dogs, Huntaways were chosen to use a loud, steady bark to drive sheep. Bred from collie-type and farm dogs for voice, stamina, toughness, obedience, and hardiness.

Danger Level

Low
  • Bites are generally uncommon in well-bred, well-socialized Huntaways, but any dog can bite if threatened, mishandled, or in pain.
  • High arousal and strong chase/drive can lead to nipping or body-bumping during play or poorly managed herding-style behavior, especially with children.
  • Very loud, persistent barking is a common human-conflict risk (neighbor complaints, nuisance citations) and can escalate tension with unfamiliar people.
  • Large, athletic dogs can accidentally knock down people during excited greetings or high-speed play.
  • Working dogs may become protective of vehicles, yards, or handlers without consistent training and clear boundaries.

As a Pet

Suitable as Pet

Legality: Generally legal to own as a domestic dog in most jurisdictions; subject to standard local dog-control laws (licensing, leashing, nuisance barking rules). Breed-specific bans are uncommon for Huntaways, but verify municipal restrictions-especially where barking complaints are enforced.

Care Level: Experienced

Purchase Cost: $300 - $1,500
Lifetime Cost: $15,000 - $35,000

Economic Value

Uses:
Livestock herding and farm labor Working-dog breeding and training Rural security/deterrence (alerting via bark) Companion animal (active households) Canine sports and working trials
Products:
  • Sheep movement/stock driving services on large properties
  • Reduced labor needs for mustering and paddock transitions
  • Working-dog sales and stud services (working lines)
  • Training services and herding demonstrations/trials participation

Relationships

The Huntaway dog was first bred in New Zealand in the early 1900s. Farmers needed a sturdy, fast dog with a talent for keeping track of their herds of sheep. The combination of speed, agility, and stamina possessed by this canine has earned it the nickname, New Zealand’s sheepdog. They are categorized in the herding group.

This dog’s temperament is affectionate and protective. They are fond of children, especially when running around, jumping, and playing games. A family searching for a smart, energy-filled dog with a loyal nature should give this breed a closer look.

3 Pros and Cons of Owning a Huntaway

ProsCons
Enjoys time with kids: This dog’s lively personality and adaptable temperament make it friendly towards kids.A big barker: This herding dog has a loud, barking voice. But proper socialization can help it to learn when to use its bark.
A dutiful watchdog: The loud, deep bark of this canine helps let its family know if someone is at the door or near the house.A wanderer: These dogs were bred to cover a lot of ground to watch over their sheep. So, this pet may be tempted to wander outside a family’s property line.
A quick learner: The intelligence of this herding breed gives owners an advantage when going through obedience training.Seasonal shedding: This breed is known to shed more hair in the summer season.

Origins

Originating in New Zealand, the Huntaway was bred to herd sheep.

Sheep farmers in New Zealand soon found that a new herding companion was required to enable them to keep abreast of their flocks at all times. They were going to need an intelligent, energetic canine with a loud bark and the ability to work alone or as part of a team. It took combining several breeds: collies, English hounds, labradors, and Old English sheepdogs, and the rest, as they say, is history.

By the 1900s, the huntaway came into being. A large, hardy canine, it came with a deep bark that could carry for miles. It was also sufficiently robust to cover large distances and handle inclement weather, making it the perfect herding assistant for sheep farmers in a different new climate.

Size and Weight

Huntaway laying on the beach

Huntaways are large, sturdy, and energetic.

This breed is a sturdy, compact dog. A male can grow to a height of 26 inches, and a female can be 24 inches tall at the shoulder. A male can be as heavy as 88 pounds, while a female can weigh 77 pounds. Seven-week-old puppies weigh an average of five to six pounds. They are full-grown by the age of 18 months.

Common Health Issues

This breed has a certain number of health issues for potential owners to consider. Hip dysplasia is a health issue of this lively dog. This is when the hip joint has not formed correctly. A limping or hopping dog may be experiencing this condition. Unfortunately, bone cancer is another health issue faced by this breed. A visible lump, lameness, or pain are all potential signs of bone cancer in this dog. The treatment depends on the severity and specific type of bone cancer involved.

Ear infections are also common in dogs with long ears, and this breed is no exception. Mud or dusty debris can accumulate in this dog’s ears, leading to bacterial growth and infection. Regular cleaning is a good tactic to prevent infection. But if this dog gets an ear issue, these infections can be treated by a vet.

Temperament and Behavior

Huntaway jumping over obstacle

Huntaways are renowned for their alertness and agility.

This dog is always alert to its surroundings. Alertness and agility are two of the most important traits in a dog bred to take charge of a large flock of sheep. Even if it’s not herding sheep, this dog notices the activities going on all around it. So, if a family member picks up a ball or a frisbee for a game, this canine will take note.

Though they were bred for the hard work of herding sheep on a ranch or farm, these dogs are known for their affectionate behavior. They love to be praised and patted. This is a great quality for a family dog. This dog would fit well into a family that likes to travel around and have fun.

How to Take Care of a Huntaway

Caring for a Huntaway puppy or older dog is easier if you know more about the breed’s specific needs. Giving this pet the proper diet, exercise, healthcare, and grooming attention can help it to live a long and happy life in your family.

The Best Dog Food for Huntaways

The right diet gives your Huntaway the energy it needs to get through its active day. Huntaway puppies require a different diet than full-grown dogs.

Huntaway puppy food: These puppies need DHA in their diet to support the healthy development of their eyesight and brain. Protein aids the development of muscles and bones. Paying special attention to healthy bone development is important in a breed vulnerable to bone cancer. Carbohydrates give these puppies the energy to support their running, jumping, and exploring activities. It’s best to serve these puppies four small meals each day to keep their energy up throughout their waking hours.

Huntaway adult dog food: Protein in an adult dog’s diet contributes to the strong muscles and cartilage of this very active pooch. Calcium is an ingredient that adds even more strength to this dog’s bones. Maintaining the bone health of this dog may head off hip dysplasia. Fat in its diet gives it stamina and energy for the long periods of running characteristic of this dog. Vitamin A maintains this dog’s healthy eyesight. Adult dogs should be fed twice per day, once in the morning and once in the early evening, so the food can be digested before sleep time.

Maintenance and Grooming

Huntaway playing in the water

Huntaways shed heavily at the beginning of summer and are prone to ear infections.

How much does a Huntaway shed? These dogs are average shedders. Keep in mind, they do increase shedding activity at the start of the summer season. A good grooming routine for this dog involves brushing its short, wavy coat once per week. At the beginning of the summer season, when this dog sheds more than normal, a slicker brush can remove dead hair from its coat.

They are prone to getting infections in their ears. This is common for many dogs that have long, furry ears. So, when grooming, take a moist, soft cloth and wipe the underside of each ear to remove excess wax and dirt. Ask a vet if there is a mild cleaning solution that would be appropriate to use on the dog’s ears. Cleaning a Huntaway’s ears gives you a chance to spot any potential infection right away so you can get treatment for it if necessary.

Training

Like most herding dogs, Huntaways are intelligent with alert senses. Consequently, the obedience training process is relatively simple with this breed.

Exercise

Daily exercise is at the top of the list of requirements for this dog. They are strong dogs with stamina, so taking this pet to a nearby field or woods is a great way to just let it run off some energy. It’s a smart idea to make sure your Huntaway is fully trained before letting it off the leash to run in any environment.

Come up with games that give this dog a task to complete. Like playing a game of tug-of-war with a rope bone or asking the dog to find a toy you’ve hidden somewhere in the yard. Think about it. These dogs were bred for the task of herding sheep. So, they are most happy when they have a goal to work for.

Is this dog appropriate for life in an apartment? No, it needs more space than an apartment can provide. A farm or a home with a large fenced-in back or front yard is the best type of home for this pooch with the sweet personality.

Puppies

If not trained properly as a puppy, an adult Huntaway may try to herd children, adults, and pets in its family.

Socialization is important for any dog breed, but is especially critical for this one. Why? Because a Huntaway puppy that’s not properly socialized is likely to grow into an adult dog that tries to herd children, adults, and pets in a home. Keep in mind, they are only doing what they were bred to do. But careful socialization from the time it is a puppy can show this breed when herding behavior is appropriate.

Huntaways and Children

Even a socialized Huntaway can revert to its natural herding instincts. So, it’s best to keep an eye on the meetings between a child and the family’s Huntaway until it’s clear the dog understands what is expected of it.

Dogs Similar to Huntaways

Border Collies, Australian Cattle Dogs, and Belgian Sheepdogs are all similar breeds to the Huntaway.

  • Border Collie: These are quick-minded dogs with a friendly temperament like the Huntaway breed, and have the same lifespan. But the Huntaway is bigger in size, including both height and weight.
  • Australian Cattle Dog: Both are herding dogs and share an affectionate temperament. Plus, they have a similar lifespan. As for size, the Huntaway breed is heavier and taller.
  • Belgian Sheepdog: This dog is intelligent with a serious-minded temperament when it comes to herding sheep. But, unlike the Huntaway, the Belgian Sheepdog’s coat can be silver and black, white and black, gray and black, fawn and black, as well as other color combinations. Alternatively, a Huntaway’s coat is black, brown, or pied.
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Sources

  1. Animal Care Tips / Accessed September 27, 2021
  2. Canine Cancer Awareness / Accessed September 27, 2021
  3. Hill's / Accessed September 27, 2021
  4. American Kennel Club / Accessed September 27, 2021
  5. The History Junkie / Accessed September 27, 2021
  6. PetMD / Accessed September 27, 2021
Dana Mayor

About the Author

Dana Mayor

I love good books and the occasional cartoon. I am also endlessly intrigued with the beauty of nature and find hummingbirds, puppies, and marine wildlife to be the most magical creatures of all.
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Huntaway FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

Breeders charge an average of $400 for these puppies. There are Huntaway rescue organizations as well that make these dogs available for welcoming homes. These rescue groups have minimal adoption fees. A rescue organization talks with potential owners to make sure this breed is a good fit for their household.

An owner should have a food budget of between $40 and $50 per month to feed this playful canine.