Wildlife of
Tripura

Semi-evergreen to evergreen hill forests and moist upland patches with tall, multi-layered canopies, many lianas and epiphytes, and bamboo-rich understories typical of Indo-Burma hill systems.

Patchy but significant in the hill ranges, best retained inside and around protected areas and less-accessible slopes; generally a minority compared with moist deciduous/secondary forests.

Represented chiefly by tropical moist deciduous forests (often grouped under seasonal tropical forests) and extensive secondary forests/regrowth following shifting-cultivation cycles; canopy seasonality is pronounced in drier months, and many landscapes form a forest-agriculture mosaic.

Widespread and dominant across much of the state outside the wettest evergreen patches; extensive in valleys, lower slopes, and human-modified hill tracts.

Rivers (e.g., Gumti and other tributary networks), reservoirs, forest streams, village ponds, and beels provide flowing and standing-water habitats supporting fish, amphibians, otters, and waterbirds.

Statewide along drainage lines and in valley bottoms; locally extensive around major reservoirs and large pond/beel complexes.

Seasonally inundated lowlands, riparian marshes, swampy depressions, and wet grass/edge habitats around lakes, reservoirs, and river floodplains; important for migratory and resident waterbirds.

Scattered but recurrent across low-lying areas and around major waterbodies; most prominent in valley bottoms and flood-prone plains near Bangladesh-facing lowlands.

Predominantly tropical forest cover forming the ecological backbone of Tripura; includes intact blocks in protected areas (e.g., Sepahijala, Gumti) and extensive secondary forests elsewhere.

Semi-evergreen/evergreen hill-forest patches with dense, humid structure and high plant diversity; often persists on wetter slopes and protected interiors.

Moist deciduous forests and their secondary stages are widespread; common along lower slopes and valleys and often intergrade with bamboo-dominated regrowth after shifting-cultivation cycles.

Open, degraded forest and scrubby woodland forms occur near settlements and along repeatedly cultivated or burned slopes, forming transitional habitat between closed forest and agriculture.

Small, fragmented grasslands occur as riverine edges, reservoir drawdown zones, fallows, and open patches created by cultivation/clearing; typically not extensive or continuous.

Early-successional shrub and bamboo-rich regrowth on abandoned shifting-cultivation fields and disturbed slopes; important for edge-adapted birds and small mammals.

Low to moderate hill ranges (parallel ridges) with steep slopes, narrow valleys, and forested watersheds; these topographic gradients drive strong local habitat variation.

Numerous short, rainfall-fed rivers and forest streams with riparian corridors; key for connectivity and aquatic biodiversity.

Natural and managed lakes within forest landscapes (notably in/near Sepahijala) that support waterbirds and amphibians.

Village ponds and floodplain wetlands (including oxbow lakes) are ubiquitous in settled valleys; they provide critical dry-season water, fish culture areas, and wetland microhabitats.

Marshy edges of floodplain lakes and wetlands, riparian flats, and seasonally flooded depressions; important breeding/foraging grounds for birds and herpetofauna.

Localized swampy depressions and saturated forest-edge areas, especially in low-lying zones and around flood-retaining basins.

Emergent-vegetation marshes around reservoirs, lakes, and slow-moving river sections, expanding seasonally with monsoon inundation.

A dominant human land use in valleys and gentler slopes: paddy fields, mixed smallholder crops, and jhum/fallow mosaics that create strong edge effects with adjacent forests.

Urban ecosystems concentrated around Agartala and district towns; includes built-up areas, urban lakes/ponds, and remnant tree cover.

Peri-urban village-town fringes with home gardens, orchards, small wetlands, and mixed tree cover forming a patchwork with agriculture and secondary woodland.